before Marcus Garvey, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Malcolm X, Martin Robison Delany (1812-1885) proclaimed his pride in being black, and demanded, not only emancipation but independence for African Americans. Frederick Douglass said of his friend and sometimes rival, "I thank God for making me a man, but Delany thanks Him for making him a black man".
Author: Dorothy Sterling · Original publisher: Doubleday (1971)
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